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Wimbledon Manor House
Wimbledon manor house; the residence of the lord of the manor, was an English country house at Wimbledon, Surrey, now part of Greater London. The manor house having exploded, burnt and several times demolished. The first known manor house, The Old Rectory, built around 1500 and which is now a private home; still stands despite very nearly falling into a state beyond repair, in the 19th century. The later, prominent and ambitious Elizabethan manor house, Wimbledon Palace, was "a house of the first importance" according to Sir John Summerson.〔u m merson 2012, 13.. 53Wimbledon and the H-plan," ''Architecture in Britain 1530-1830'', 4th ed. p. 36.〕 The manor house passed through several further iterations, being entirely rebuilt three times.From the 18th Century onwards the manor lands began to reduce in size as various owners sold off parts. Once including what was known as the 'Old Park', an area of around 300 acres stretching westwards from the present Cannizaro House (now a hotel) and public park; was sold off in 1705. Most of the present day Wimbledon Common was also once part of the manor, with grazing rights given to tenants of the lord of the manor. The Common was saved from enclosure and development in 1871 by a remarkably early act of conservation. 42 acres, previously part of the manor parklands, are now occupied by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club that has made ''Wimbledon'' synonymous with'' ''tennis''. ''Further tracts of the (Grade II
* ) listed public Wimbledon Park, not built over as is the surrounding suburb of London, include its present-day golf course and the lake, the latter created along with further improvements to the park by the famous landscaper 'Capability' Brown for Earl Spencer, in 1768.〔Jane Brown . ''Lancelot 'Capability' Brown, 1716-1783: The Omnipotent Magician'', "Earl Spencer's Wimbledon", pp278f; she notes that the architectural historian Dorothy Stroud located the approximate site of the house on upper Home Park Road, near its intersection with Arthur Road.〕
== Wimbledon Manor: Early History ==
Until 1328, Wimbledon manor formed part of the manor of Mortlake. In 1364, Simon Islip, the Archbishop of Canterbury, gave the demesne lands to (Merton Priory ). Wimbledon was among the possessions of the church forfeited by Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1397. On the accession of Henry IV, Arundel was restored, and the archbishops continued to hold the manor of Wimbledon until 1536, when Thomas Cranmer, then archbishop, handed the manor and advowson to Henry VIII, as part of the Reformation and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, who then granted them to Thomas Cromwell. In 1540, Wimbledon manor was taken back from Cromwell on his death by the crown and annexed to Hampton Court. Henry VIII gave it to his queen, Catherine Parr, in 1543. After her death in 1548 the manor remained in the Crown until 1556, when Queen Mary granted it to Cardinal Pole as part of the Counter Reformation. Queen Elizabeth I seized it back and gave it to Sir Christopher Hatton in 1576 who sold it to Sir Thomas Cecil the same year .
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